2024/4/1/ · In the production of bio-fertilizers, diverse types of fermenters, such as bacterial and fungal species, have been identified and characterized (Owamah et al., 2014). Free-living microorganisms are accountable for siderophore formation, nitrogen (N) fixation, phosphate (P), potassium (K), and zinc (Zn) solubilization activity ( Mojumdar and